Confusing Words

I am taking a blog hiatus. This is an encore presentation of a previous post.

orangutanOne of the things writers seem to love to do is point out errors others make in grammar, punctuation, and word usage. But many years as an editor has taught me that even those who are best with the language still make mistakes, and there are some words that seem to trip up almost everyone.  So today I’m sharing a short list of the errors I most commonly see in manuscripts, along with some tips on correct word usage.

This list is specifically taken from my own notes on mistakes I’ve seen lately, but obviously there are many more confusing words! A book I highly recommend is 100 Words Almost Everyone Confuses and Misuses by the editors of the American Heritage Dictionary. It’s fun reading and a great resource to keep on your shelf. (I do).

lead-led-lead

You can lead a horse to water. (verb, present tense)
She led the class in a song. (verb, past tense)
Pencils used to be made of lead. (noun)

lie-lay

Time to lie down for a nap. (verb, present tense)
Yesterday she lay on the grass and daydreamed. (verb, past tense)

If you are going to use “lay” as present tense, it’s only if you are going to lay something down. The present tense verb “lay” needs to have an object.

affect-effect-effect

Will this post affect the way you write? (verb)
If so, I hope it has a positive effect. (noun)
I’m trying to effect a change in the way writers use grammar. (transitive verb meaning to cause or bring about)

passed-past

I passed by Starbucks and didn’t stop! (verb, past tense)
I can’t drive past Starbucks without being tempted. (preposition)
The one-dollar cup of coffee is in the past. (noun)

its-it’s

It’s time for a lesson in grammar. (contraction for “it is”)
Choosing the appropriate word has its difficulties. (possessive form, adjective)

The ONLY time you use an apostrophe is when you want a contraction meaning “it is.” There is NO apostrophe in the possessive form.

advice-advise

Help – I need some advice! (noun)
Please advise me on my publishing journey.

altar-alter

They stood in front of the altar to get married. (noun)
Before the wedding, she had to alter her dress. (verb)

reins-reigns

When you’re on a horse, you should hold the reins. (noun)
Please try to rein in your feelings. (verb)
The king reigns over his country. (verb)

(Note that when you “rein in” your feelings or you try to “rein in” your kids, it’s a metaphorical use of the original “rein” which pertains to horseback riding.)

discrete-discreet

This blog has several discrete parts. (adjective meaning separate or distinct.)
Please be discreet when discussing details of your contract. (adjective meaning to be prudent or use discernment; or to be unobtrusive or unnoticeable)

All you grammar police out there: Obviously I’ve just given simplistic examples here, and I haven’t covered all uses of each word. Feel free to add your two cents (and good sense).

What words do YOU have trouble getting right in your writing?

Be Sociable, Share!
  • http://crowproductions.com Joan Cimyotte

    Who and whom. Your list is pretty good. I have had to stop and figure out which words are correct. Advice and advise, those two always get me. What a fun post!

    • http://einefeistyberg.wordpress.com Cherry Odelberg

      Yes, I need some guidelines for who and whom.

  • http://www.renew-ministries.com Robin Gilbert Luftig

    Another of my favorites: hang or hung. Crazy!!

  • http://www.randomreflectionz.com Christie

    Who/whom are big ones for me too. I tend to get tripped up on affect/effect as well. Thanks for the list.

  • http://bethvogt.com Beth K. Vogt

    It’s just a constant typo thing for me: your/you’re. I know which is which, but I constantly mistype them. Aaargh!

  • Jeanne

    I get hung up on “discrete” and “discreet.” I know sometimes people have trouble with “their, there and they’re,” too.

    Fun post, Rachelle. :)

  • http://www.sueharrison.com Sue Harrison

    Affect-effect-effect. Thank you for the help on those words. They always trip me up!

  • http://talesfromtheredhead@blogspot.com Jennifer Major @Jjumping

    Alright. Seriously. Is that a word?

  • http://Www.antesinferno.com Griselda heppel

    Thank you so much for this. Lay/lie difference particularly welcome! Re who/whom: whom should be used as little as possible and only vital in dative, genitive and ablative (yes we do have them in English!) ie after to, for, of, by, with, from, in, at, on. A common mistake now is to assume if it’s in the middle of the sentence it must be whom eg this is the man whom loves me. Ouch! Subordinate clause has its own subject. Not that I have new in my bonnet or anything….

  • http://Www.antesinferno.com Griselda heppel

    Er…That was meant to be a BEE in my bonnet

  • http://isitfunnyorappendicitis nan kilmer

    My advice: Do NOT lie. I am advising you to tell the truth, even whilst lying down. ( <:

  • http://www.rasavary.com R.A.Savary

    These are the more common mistakes and I’ve come to expect them. The errors that give me a pause and a chuckle are the not so frequently used ones, which to my mind seem more specific, like real / reel or roll / role, and I wonder how the hell I could have used one for the other.

  • http://www.janmorrill.wordpress.com Jan Morrill

    A much needed post and link — thank you! My two-cents worth:

    elicit–to draw or bring out or forth.

    illicit–disapproved of or not permitted for moral or ethical reasons.

  • http://suddenlytheyalldied.com Kay Kauffman

    When I graduated from high school, my sixth grade English teacher gave me a wonderful gift that included some of her grammar pet peeves printed on note cards for handy reference. I still have it and I’ve used it countless times over the last decade; it’s one of the best gifts I’ve ever received. It includes a card on affect vs. effect, but it failed to mention effect as a verb. Thank you for the clarification! I read this post during my commute and immediately went through my manuscript and changed the two instances where I’d misused affect. :)

  • http://jilldomschot.com Jill

    In my own editing, and especially on my blog, I tend not to see it when I use hone for home or pour for pore or other homonym errors. When I do discover it, I feel so embarrassed–unwarranted shame, probably.

  • http://www.josephjpote.com Joe Pote

    It’s sort of funy, but the more I write, the more prone I seem to be to slipping up on these sorts of errors.

    It’s not that I don’t KNOW the correct usage, but that in my focus on writing I’m simply not thinking about them.

    In a recent post about bicycling, I was very thankful that grammar-check caught a misuse of pedal / peddle / petal on my part, before I published the post.

  • http://blog.aquizone.net Patrick Aquilone

    Wow, I didn’t know all of those. I do know when I am writing that there are times that I have to sit there and know what I want to say but not sure which version of the words to use to be correct.

  • http://www.stephanieberget.com Stephanie Berget

    I mix up drug and dragged as in, “He drug the wagon,” or “He dragged the wagon.”

  • Patrick Ian O’Donnell

    Grammar Lesson

    There are certain rules of grammar we often disobey.
    Let’s consider some examples beginning with lie and lay

    If I say, I’m going to lay down’, I’ve committed a minor faux pas
    However I can say with impunity, “I’m going to lay down the law.”

    One can say, “Yesterday I lay down,” because it refers to time gone by.
    You can see how it confuses the issue to have lay as the past tense of lie.

    If because of what I’ve writ above, confusion seems to reign,
    I’ll refrain from a look at two other forms, namely, laid and lain

    I and me and who and whom their own sets of problems pose;
    Remarks on these I’ll keep quite brief, so you don’t begin to doze.

    Purists insist it should be “It is I,” on both sides of the Atlantic,
    I hope we agree a simple, “It’s me” sounds much less pedantic

    “Whom are you talking too” is how we’re told to say it right,
    But “Who are you talking to” sounds much less up-tight.

    Grammar rules, no matter how hard we teach,
    Are honored less in observance than in the breach

    So, if you want those rules to be strict and firm,
    To schools, you’d best add an extra term.

  • http://www.henwoodtitles.weebly.com Brian Henwood

    I keep the definitions to Farther/further on my pinboard. I always mix those 2 up.

  • http://www.christianreads.blogspot.com Iola

    insure/ensure

    In British English, the two are quite different – I will ensure that I insure the car, meaning I will make sure that I purchase a car insurance policy.

    A lot of American authors use insure when I think the correct word is ensure. Is this me, or is this correct in American English?

  • Pingback: Great Stuff on the Writers’ Blogs, August 6, 2012 « cochisewriters

  • Jenna

    My biggest pet peeve is stationery/stationery. It’s one thing to make this mistake on the internet, but it infuriates me to see shops that claim to sell “stationary.”

  • http://michaelseese.blogspot.com/ Michael Seese

    Farther and further.

    And if I may share the two I often see which make me cringe…

    “A myriad OF ways…”

    “Celibate until married…” (Yes, we all are.)

  • http://einefeistyberg.wordpress.com Cherry Odelberg

    Drunk and drank.

    And, oh, I learned something today: discreet and discrete!
    I love to learn.

  • http://www.katherynwallis.com Katheryn Wallis

    Great post!

    My biggest pet peeves that haven’t already been mentioned are everyday/every day, and on to/onto and in to/into.

    If you do something every day, it’s an everyday occurrence. Those are two distinct uses, and one of them requires “every” and “day” to be two separate words.

    And sometimes it’s “on to” or “in to”, not “onto” and “into”. For example, a recent press release from my city’s police department expressed satisfaction that some local criminals had “turned themselves into police”. Using “into” instead of the correct “in to” here means that the bad guys had become law officers, not that they had turned themselves in (which is what had really happened). Oops! :P

  • Pingback: WRITING ON THE ETHER: Static | Jane Friedman

  • Reba Cross Seals

    Bear and bare get me every time. I want to think every bear growls and has claws, but, alas, no such luck.

  • http://www.femagination.com Ellen Keim

    That and which. It also bugs me when people use that when they’re talking about a person.

    “She was a girl that talked too much.”

  • Pingback: Friday Features #17Yesenia Vargas

  • Pingback: Monday Mashup: 8/13/12 | Jan Morrill Writes

  • http://www.memoir-guide.com Gene Bodzin

    Even in otherwise impeccable publications, I keep seeing “hoard” used when the writer means “horde.” And I think “sank” and “shrank” are going out of use. My honey sunk me because I shrunk the kids, but in the process she contributed to the strangulation of two very useful verb forms.

  • Pingback: Thirsty Thursday Blog Round-Up | Thirsty Thursday

  • Jameth Hurley

    Grammar girl is a great source for these kinds of questions:

    http://grammar.quickanddirtytips.com/

    She details great ways of helping writers remember the rules.

line
Site by Author Media © Rachelle Gardner.